Data Exploration → Probability → Sampling Distributions → Inference
Categorical vs. quantitative data, dotplots, histograms, boxplots, shape/center/spread
Mean, median, standard deviation, IQR, z-scores, empirical rule
Normal curves, z-scores, percentiles, Normal probability calculations, inverse Normal
Scatterplots, direction/form/strength, correlation coefficient r, correlation vs. causation
Least-squares regression line, residuals, r², extrapolation, influential points
Sample spaces, probability rules, conditional probability, independence
Discrete and continuous random variables, binomial and geometric distributions
Sampling distribution of x̄ and p̂, Central Limit Theorem, standard error
Estimating a population proportion and mean, margin of error, z and t intervals
Null and alternative hypotheses, p-values, z-test, t-test, Type I/II errors
Goodness-of-fit, independence, homogeneity, inference for slope